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In this paper, the turbulence boundary layer, velocity and skin friction coefficient characteristics of grooved surfaces are studied. Flow over surfaces with transverse square, triangular and semicircular grooves are numerically modeled via the finite volume method. Comparisons are made on the basis of the grooved surfaces’ skinfriction coefficient, normalized by that of a smooth surface, with Reynolds number in the vicinity of 2 × 106. Results show that square grooves are superior to the two other groove geometries in reducing the drag. Viscous damping in all grooves keeps skin friction inside them well below the surface above. However, the interior geometry of square grooves allows them to balance the net inward momentum due to the sudden absence of the wall in a way that minimizes disturbance of the main flow while taking advantage of the restart of the boundary layer. As a consequence to the separation of the boundary layer, an inevitable stagnation point within the groove must exist. Square grooves had the highest such stagnation point along the backward-facing side of the groove. The shortness of the resulting upward boundary layer from the stagnation point to the corner produces smaller near-wall secondary flow motion and more relaxed merger with the main flow. All this contributes to enhanced drag reduction for the described groove structure.

CFD modeling of turbulent boundary layer flow in passive drag-reducing applications