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The quiescent state in the cell cycle is thought to be indispensable for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The interaction between HSCs and their niche is critical for maintaining the stem cell properties of HSCs, including self-renewal capacity and the ability of differentiation into single or multiple lineages. The niche cells produce signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion molecules, and regulate stem cell fates. HSCs balance quiescence and cell division in the stem cell niche for long-term sustaining of hematopoiesis in the niche. Recently, long-term repopulating (LT)-HSCs exist frequently in endosteal surface of trabecular bone area in bone marrow (BM), and it was clarified that an osteoblastic cells function as a niche cells for HSCs. The specific properties of HSC are dynamically controlled by the signalings of receptor/ligand and cell adhesion molecules produced by osteoblastic cells.We have recently reported that side-population (SP) cells in HSCs are in the quiescent state of cell cycle. Cell adhesion of HSCs to the osteoblastic niche enhanced the ability of HSCs to become quiescent, resulting in protection of the HSC compartment from stresses suppressing hematopoiesis.

Role of Stem Cell Niche in the Maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells