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Local communities depend on forest resources for their livelihood in Myanmar. In four different rainfall zones, 185 households of residents living near the remnant forests were sampled. The majority of respondents, 87% of the total surveyed, were farmers. The average annual income was 1263 USD (1USD = 1,000 MMK) However, the lowest annual income was found among landless households (664 USDyr -1 ). Like farmers, even the landless householders’ main source of income was dependent upon agriculture. Those living in landless households were primarily agricultural wage labourers. Overall income was significantly different among the four areas, increasing with better accessibility to income options. Local communities depended upon nearby forests for firewood with an average annual consumption of about 4.9 cubic metres of stack fuelwood per household, per year. The wood was collected mainly from natural forests in wetter areas, while in the drier areas, over 50% of wood for fuel was gathered from their farm-boundary trees. The poorer farmers, landless wage labourers, with less than 2 ha of land, were likely to be dependent upon forest resources for their income. When considering rural planning options for various local communities in each of the four zones of Myanmar, realistic diversifying income sources must be factored into the forest conservation equation.

Livelihood of Local Communities and Their Dependence on Dry Forests in The Central Dry Zone, Myanmar