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In this paper, instantaneous complex current and voltage for steady-state single-phase alternating-current (AC) circuit are introduced to improve the teaching methodology of instantaneous powers in undergraduate power courses. In contrast to the classical approach using fixed phasors, it is shown in this paper that an instantaneous solution approach also provides interesting results and leads to exact formulations of instantaneous powers. As a step towards building instantaneous reactive-power metering equipment for teaching purposes, a numerical model has been developed using Matlab/Simulink software. The evaluation of the approach by means of a student assessment is also addressed in the paper.

Design of Educational Instantaneous Powers Metering Software for Steady-State Single-Phase AC Networks