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The next challenge of the automotive industry is marked by automated or even selfdriving vehicles and shall enhance the safety, efficiency, and comfort of mobility. But to overcome this challenge, the systems within the vehicle need to take over tasks that were formerly under the responsibility of the driver. This leads to an increase of complexity of the automated driving systems. Especially, the interactions of an automated driving system with humans, other automated systems or other participants in the traffic. These interactions need to be well investigated. Under certain circumstances, interactions may lead to unforeseen situations in which the specified behavior of the function causes a hazard. Thus, the functional specification of the automated driving systems must avoid missing or incorrect interactions due to oversight. Analyzing the system specification for such overlooked interactions is still mostly a “creative” task using e.g. brainstorming. Hence, new analysing approaches may be required to identify safe system engineering solutions. One of the possible analysis approaches is STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis). In this paper, we investigated the application of STPA for the concept of safetyin-use, which aims to identify the hazardous interactions in the absence of system malfunctions. As a result, by using STPA we could address all kinds of interactions and generate different types of requirements, including the safety-in-use requirements. We conclude that STPA is a holistic approach which can be used for addressing different kinds of interactions and generating different types of safety requirements for automated driving systems.

Missing no Interaction—Using STPA for Identifying Hazardous Interactions of Automated Driving Systems