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The prime focus of this study is the evaluation of the factors associated with diet and exercise compliance and smoking prevalence among the diabetic population in the Southern Punjab in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Research was carried out in between December 2015 and March 2016 employing the descriptive, cross-sectional design using a paper-based questionnaire. We undertook systemic sampling procedure and choose every 3rd diabetic patients visiting three public hospitals and three private clinics. Cholesterol and blood glucose levels were monitored during the survey. Data were summarized by descriptive statistics. A 3-day recall method for macronutrient was used to assess the dietary history and diet compliance. At least a 30 min rigorous walk per day or a total of 2.5 h per week was a requirement for exercise compliance. Those patients who admitted smoking tobacco in the past 12 months were taken as current smokers. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 18.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Diet and exercise compliance and smoking prevalence were shown by 36.5%, 58.8%, and 15.4% patients, respectively. Patients feeling easy with a diet plan [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 20.874, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.876, 44.119] and patients who were aware which diet was harmful to them (AOR = 7.106, 95% CI = 3.529, 14.309) were significantly associated with dietary compliance. Age (AOR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.951, 0.991) and patients who believe that exercise will lead to weight loss (AOR = 4.978, 95% CI = 2.725, 9.093) were independently associated factors of exercise compliance. Gender was only an associated variable with smoking (AOR = 0.127, 95% CI = 0.048, 0.331). Conclusion: Determinant factors of diet compliance were feeling ease with diet plan and knowledge about a harmful diet. Age and belief that exercise will lead to weight loss are significant factors to adhere to exercise compliance. Male gender significantly indulges in more smoking practices than females.

Associated Factors with Diet and Exercise Compliance and Smoking Habits in Diabetic Patients of Punjab, Pakistan