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To examine the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese middle-aged men with multiple risk factors, 110 Japanese men aged 36 to 60 yr were recruited based on the presence of all of the following factors detected during a screening survey: 1) body mass index (BMI) &gt; or = 25 kg/m2; 2) systolic blood pressure (SBP) &gt; or = 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure &gt; or = 90 mmHg; 3) serum levels of triglycerides (TG) &gt; or = 150 mg/dl and/or total cholesterol (T-ChoL) levels &gt; or = 220 mg/dl and/or high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels &lt; 40 mg/dl; and 4) fasting serum glucose &gt; or = 110 mg/dl and/or hemoglobin A1C &gt; or = 5.6%. After adjustment for age and cardiovascular risk factors, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of carotid atherosclerosis associated with a 1-SD increment in HDL-C was 0.4 (95%CI: 0.2 to 0.9). We also detected a borderline association for anti-hypertension medication use, an indicator for advanced hypertension, with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95%CI: 1.0 to 7.4) after multivariable adjustment. The other risk factors, i.e. BMI, SBP, T-ChoL, TG, diabetes, smoking and drinking status did not show significant associations with carotid atherosclerosis. In conclusion, low HDL-C and advanced hypertension were significant correlates of carotid atherosclerosis for middle-aged Japanese men with multiple risk factors.

Associations between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-aged Japanese Men with Multiple Risk Factors