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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive degeneration of the alveolar bone that surrounds and supports the teeth. Without effective treatment, periodontitis can cause tooth loss. One method of treating periodontitis is to use Emdogain®, a material derived from the tooth germ of juvenile swine that promotes periodontal tissue regeneration, including the formation of hard tissue as cementum, alveolar bone. The use of Emdogain® is therefore established in the field of periodontal regenerative therapy. However, because of its swine origin, some patients choose not to be treated with Emdogain®. The active component of Emdogain® has been shown to be a peptide whose sequence corresponds to an amelogenin II precursor. As such, this peptide may function as a growth factor to stimulate cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. In this study, we characterized the effects of the synthetic Emdogain®-derived peptide on the proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs), which display properties similar to mesenchymal stem cells. Compared to cells not treated with the synthetic Emdogain®-derived peptide, treated cells showed increased proliferation, initial adhesion, and chemotactic activity. The optimum peptide concentration that stimulated these activities was determined to be 100 ng/ml. We next investigated the effects of the peptide at a concentration of 100 ng/ml on osteogenesis and cementogenesis in HPdLF cells by assaying alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and mineralization. Compared with untreated cells, cells incubated with the peptide showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity after 21 days, increased osteocalcin production after 28 days, and increased calcium deposition after 28 days. Taken together, our data suggest that the Emdogain®-derived peptide stimulates periodontal hard tissue regeneration by stimulating the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of mesenchymal stem cells.

Hard Tissue Formation by Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cells Treated with an Emdogain^|^reg;-Derived Oligopeptide in vitro