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Individuals vary greatly in their capacity to have compassion for themselves and others. These variations are in part attributable to what helps or gets in the way of showing oneself and others compassion. For example, harsh self-judgement, attributing suffering to personal failings, and overidentification with one’s pain all hinder self-compassion in the face of suffering (Neff, 2003). Although empirical literature concerning compassion continues to grow, selfcompassion and compassion for others have largely been conceptualized and studied independently, hindering an examination of the relationship between the two constructs. Gilbert and colleagues (2017) have remedied this issue by creating a theory that includes both self-compassion and compassion for others and highlights the need to explore self-other differences that exist between the phenomena. Blatt’s (2008) two-polarities model of personality provides a theoretical framework from which to examine the self-other differences that exist between self-compassion and compassion for others. The two-polarities model describes the lifelong dialectical synergistic interaction between developing and maintaining a positive identity (i.e., issues of self-definition) and reciprocal, stable relationships with others (i.e., issues of relatedness) as core processes in personality development and organization (Luyten & Blatt, 2013). In other words, Blatt and colleagues suggested that developing a coherent sense of self supports the maturation and ABSTRACT. Self-compassion and compassion for others have largely been studied independently. However, when studied as separate but related constructs, clear self-other differences emerge. Although intrapersonal and interpersonal differences are perhaps best explained through personality theory, specifically Blatt’s (2008) 2 polarities model, limited research has specifically examined the impact personality organization has on the capacity to extend compassion to oneself and others. The present study examined how personality organization according to 2-polarities model of personality is related to and impacts self-compassion and compassion for others. Participants (N = 226) completed a series of self-report questionnaires online to assess personality organization and compassion competencies. Results yielded 2 predictive models of compassion. Efficacy (+), self-criticism (−), and connectedness (−) predicted self-compassion (R2 = .47, p < .001). Efficacy (+), self-criticism (−), and connectedness (+) predicted compassion for others (R 2 = .36, p < .001). Model disparities elucidate key differences between the constructs, specifically that healthy and flexible relational boundaries are essential for self-compassion, while feelings of security and stability within personal relationships are more important for showing others compassion. Understanding how differences in personality proclivities relate to the nuances in self-compassion and compassion for others may aid therapeutic intervention targeting compassion capacities.

The Importance of Flexible Relational Boundaries: The Role of Connectedness in Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others