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S exism is defined as a belief, practice, or system that supports the notion that men are intrinsically superior to women (Anderson, 2010; Borrell et al., 2011). Past studies have found sexism to be a prevalent form of prejudice that most women experience on a weekly and sometimes daily basis (Berg, 2006; Swim, Hyers, Coher, & Ferguson, 2001). In this study, we explored young women’s endorsement of sexist ideology, as it relates to a number of important socialization experiences and psychosocial outcomes. Sexism is a ubiquitous experience in the lives of young women in the United States. For example, Berg (2006) reported that all 382 women in her sample reported experiencing sexism, and 25% said they felt it happened “a lot” (p. 975). In another study, participants were asked to record the number of sexist incidents they observed over a span of 7 to 13 days (Swim et al., 2001). Participant records indicated that incidents of sexism occurred at least once per week, with some participants reporting sexist experiences daily. Thus, sexism is common, and often a daily occurrence for many women. Perhaps the most well-known conceptualization of modern sexism is the ambivalent sexism framework proposed by Glick and Fiske (1996). Ambivalent sexism refers to sexist beliefs that fit in to two major categories, hostile and benevolent (Anderson, 2010; Huang, Davies, Sibley, & Osborne, 2016). Hostile sexism aims to validate “...male power, traditional gender roles, and men’s exploitation of women as sexual objects through derogatory characterizations of women” (Anderson, 2010, p. 151). Although hostile sexism can be easily identified, benevolent sexism has a tendency to go unnoticed (Huang et al., 2016). Benevolent ABSTRACT. The current study examined links among sexism, psychosocial functioning, and political behavior in 210 young women from the United States. Participants completed a survey including the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, Attitudes Toward Women Scale, Internalized Misogyny Scale, and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Higher religious fundamentalism was associated with lower relationship quality, mediated by internalized misogyny, traditional gender roles, and hostile sexism. Although mental health outcomes were also collected, associations with sexist attitudes were nonsignificant. The intersection of sexist attitudes and internalized misogyny with political affiliation and voting behavior was also explored. Participants who voted for Clinton/Kane reported lower levels of internalized misogyny when compared to those who voted for Trump/Pence. In addition, Democrat and Independent individuals reported significantly lower levels of internalized misogyny and hostile sexism when compared to Republican and Not Affiliated individuals.

Young Women's Sexist Beliefs and Internalized Misogyny: Links With Psychosocial and Relational Functioning and Political Behavior