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219 COPYRIGHT 2018 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 23, NO. 3/ISSN 2325-7342) A prominent goal for individuals who engage in disordered eating behaviours is weight loss, which is often pursued through caloric restriction. The cognitive and behavioural processes that underlie disordered eating, however, remain poorly understood. One aspect that complicates research in this domain is the apparent dissociation between implicit and explicit attitudes toward food in disordered and nondisordered populations. Explicit attitudes refer to consciously accessible mental inclinations and implicit attitudes constitute remnants of past experience, inaccessible to conscious reflection, that influence positive or negative thoughts, actions, or behaviours toward a target (Nosek, Hawkins, & Frazier, 2012). Implicit and explicit attitudes are distinct constructs but may be congruent for an individual depending upon the target of the attitudes and individual differences. Conversely, explicit and implicit attitudes toward a single target may be in conflict (Nosek et al., 2012). For example, Czyzewska and Graham (2008) observed negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes toward low-calorie food in the same group of individuals. Explicit attitudes can be influenced by a number of factors including intentions, normative attitudes, and social desirability. As such, attitudes assessed through explicit means may not accurately reflect cognitions. Further, explicit attitudes may not be predictive of behaviour, particularly in the realm of eating behaviour. Multiple lines of research suggest the utility of studying implicit processes with regard to eating behaviour. Decisions surrounding food selections are strongly influenced by implicit attitudes and other forms of automaticity, even when these attitudes contradict explicit attitudes (Cervellon, Dubé, & Knäuper, 2007; Yang et al., 2012).

Reward Responsiveness Moderates Individuals With Disordered Eating’s Implicit Attitudes Toward the Caloric Value of Food