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━━ The steady increase in the annual number of chest CT screening has become a worldwide concern because of its associated risk of lung cancer. Epidemiological studies, however, have shown that repeated exposure to low-dose radiation does not increase the risk of lung cancer. In addition, a recent randomized controlled study on chest CT screening has shown its usefulness for reducing lung cancer mortality. We reviewed the risk of lung cancer after repeated exposure to low-dose radiation, the efficacy of chest CT screening, and device technology for reducing the irradiation dose. (JJLC. 2012;52:1064-1067) KEY WORDS━━ Low-dose chest CT, Lung cancer risk, Risk and benefit Reprints: Yoshiya Shimada, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Medical Exposure Research Project, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inageku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. 要旨━━がん死亡率第一位である肺がんを減らすため に,胸部検診では従来の胸部X線検診に加え,CTによる 検診も全国的に始まっている.一方で放射線診療による 医療被ばくは年々その総線量が高くなっており,ここ数 年ピークとなっている.放射線診療においては患者のベ ネフィットがリスクを上まわらなければならない.反復 被ばくによる肺がんリスクは小さいこと,またCT検査 の撮影線量の低減化が進んでいることに加え,最近,無 作為割付比較試験によって低線量CTが肺がん死亡率を 低下させることが報告され,肺がんCT検診のベネ フィットが注目されている. 索引用語━━低線量胸部CT,肺がんリスク,リスクと ベネフィット

Response to the Argument on the Risk of Cancer with Chest CT Screening: Is Low-Dose Chest CT Safe?