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Fog cooling systems with natural ventilation are a type of evaporative cooling technique that is widely used in Japan. One drawback of these systems is that it is difficult to maintain the greenhouse air temperature at its optimum range in summer using the conventional single-fluid nozzle system because it has a low cooling efficiency and produces a high risk of pathogen invasion due to excessive wetting of the plant foliage. Therefore, we introduced a twin-fluid nozzle system as an alternative fogging system. This system affords a higher evaporation ratio and a lower degree of plant foliage wetting because it generates fog droplets with diameters smaller than those generated by single-fluid nozzles. We installed these two types of fogging systems in tomato greenhouses and investigated the different aerial environments that they produced. We observed that the twin-fluid nozzle system maintained the air temperature at the same level as that maintained by the single-fluid nozzle system. We also observed that the single-fluid nozzle system significantly inhibited the evapotranspiration in the tomato plants due to wetting of the plant foliage, whereas the evapotranspiration rate when using the twin-fluid nozzle system was 70-100 % higher.

Analysis of the Aerial Environment of a Tomato Greenhouse Equipped with Different Fog Cooling Systems