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A supersonic pan-evaporimeter was developed for performing dynamic analysis of evaporative demand in a greenhouse. The pan-evaporimeter comprises two parts: a small-sized cylindrical container (a diameter of 27 cm, a height of 15 cm) filled with water and a supersonic water-level detector. The pan evaporation rate (Epan) can be evaluated for an arbitrary time interval on the basis of the decrease in the water level due to evaporation from the pan-evaporimeter. The performance and validity of the panevaporimeter were examined by analyzing the characteristics of Epan on an hourly basis and its relation with the solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, wind speed, in addition, the transpiration rate of a tomato plant (Tr) in a greenhouse. A positive linear relationship was clearly obtained between the hourly Epan and the environmental elements, and then sensitivity of Epan to the environmental elements was revealed. Furthermore, a good correlation was found between the Epan and the Tr on hourly basis for one day. These results suggest that the developed pan-evaporimeter is a useful tool for analyzing the dynamics of evaporative demand and for estimating the transpiration rate in a greenhouse.

Development of a supersonic pan-evaporimeter for dynamic analysis of evaporative demand in a greenhouse