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Microevolution of Bechstein's Bat Myotis Bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the Holocene of Southern Poland Bechstein's bat was one of the most common species in the Middle and Late Holocene of Southern Poland. It dominated in Kraków - Częstochowa Upland, but was also frequent in Tatra Mountains. Bone material from thanatocoenoses, dated by 14C AMS method, was analysed. The aim of studies was to investigate the direction of changes in skull and mandible morphology of Myotis bechsteinii during the period from 5710 BC till present day and to answer the question which environmental parameters significantly correlates with these microevolutionary processes and frequency of species in different thanatocoenoses. Mandibles and skulls were analysed separately. Morphology was correlated with climate characteristics, temperatures, and percentage pollen of such species of trees as hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus) and elm (Ulmus) in investigated time limits. Microevoluţia Liliacului Lui Bechstein Myotis Bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) (Mammalia: Chiroptera), în Holocenul Poloniei de sud S-au studiat tendinţele microevoluţionare ale craniului liliacului lui Bechstein. În ciuda faptului că diferenţele dintre grupuri nu sunt deosebite din punct de vedere statistic, tendinţele microevoluţionare morfologice sunt vizibile. Schimbările fiecărui parametru au un curs individual, dar tendinţele sunt aproape similare. Analiza statistică a facut posibil răspunsul la întrebarea care din factorii de nişe au o influenţă importantă la morfologia craniului şi care este direcţia acestei influenţe. Temperatura medie a lunii ianuarie, procentul lui Fraxinus excelsior, frecvenţa liliacului lui Bechstein şi frecvenţa inundaţiilor determină cel mai mult schimbările morfologice. On a étudié les tendances microévolutives du crâne de la chauve-souris de Bechstein. Malgré le fait que les différences entre les groupes ne sont pas remarquables du point de vue statistique, les tendances microévolutives morphologiques sont visibles. Les changements de chaque paramètre ont un cours individuel, mais les tendances sont à peu près similaires. L'analyse statistique a rendue possible la réponse à la question quels facteurs de niche ont une influence importante sur la morphologie du crâne et quelle est la direction de ces influences. La température moyenne du mois de janvier, le pourcentage de Fraxinus excelsior, la fréquence de la chauve-souris de Bechstein et la fréquence des inondations déterminent la majeure partie des changements morphologiques.