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Exhaled Air Analysis in Patients with Different Lung Diseases Using Artificial Odour Sensors Sniffing breath to diagnose a disease has been practiced by doctors since ancient times. Nowadays, electronic noses are successfully used in the food, textile and perfume industry as well as for air pollution control. The aim of this study was to test whether exhaled breath analysed by an artificial nose could identify and discriminate between different lung diseases. A total of 76 individuals were tested: 25 bronchial asthma, 19 lung cancer, 10 pneumonia, 6 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 16 healthy volunteers. Exhaled air was collected in plastic bags and immediately analysed using an electronic nose instrument (9185, Nordic Sensors AB) containing 14 different odour sensors. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to determine correlation between the amplitudes of sensor responses and the clinical diagnoses of patients and to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the method for each diagnosis. For diagnostics of asthma the sensitivity was found to be 84% and specificity — 86%. For lung cancer, the sensitivity was 74% and specificity, 95%; for pneumonia 90% and 98%, but for COPD, 33% and 97%, respectively. We conclude that an artificial nose is able to discriminate among different lung diseases with sufficiently good accuracy. This method may be further developed to implement it in clinical medicine for express diagnostics of acute and chronic lung diseases. Izelpas Gaisa Analīze Pacientiem Ar Dažzādām Plaušu Slimībām, Izmantojot Mākslīgos Ožas Sensorus Jau kopš seniem laikiem ārsti ostījuši pacienta elpu, lai uzstādītu slimības diagnozi. Mūsdienās ir radīts elektroniskais deguns, un to izmanto gan smaržu, gan tekstilrūpniecībā, gan lai novērtētu vides piesārņotību. Mūsu pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai mākslīgo degunu var izmantot plaušu slimību diferenciāldiagnostikai. Pētījumā piedalījās 76 personas: 25 bronhiālās astmas slimnieki, 19 bija plaušu vēzis, 10 - pneimonija, 6 - hroniska obstruktīva plaušu slimība (HOPS), bet 16 bija veseli brīvprātīgie. Izelpas gaisu savāca plastikāta maisos un to tūlīt analizēja αr elektroniskā deguna aparātu (Nordic Sensors AB, 9185), kura sastāvā bija 14 smaržu sensori. Lai konstatētu korelāciju starp smaržas sensoru rādījumiem un konkrētām pacientu diagnozēm, kā arī lai noteiktu metodes specifiskumu un jutību, tika lietota multifaktoru logistiskās regresijas analīze. Jutība, paredzot astmas diagnozi, bija 84%, bet specifiskums - 86%. Jutība, nosakot plaušu vēzi, bija 74%, specifiskums - 95%; pneimonijai 90% un 98%, bet HOPS - attiecīgi 33% un 97%. Secinājām, ka elektroniskais deguns spēj atšķirt dažādas plaušu slimības ar pietiekamu precizitāti. Metodi varētu turpmāk attīstīt un lietot klīniskajā praksē akūtu un hronisku plaušu slimību ekspresdiagnostikai.

proceedings of the latvian academy of sciences. section b, natural sciences/latvijas zinātņu akadēmijas vēstis. a daļa, humanitārās un sociālās zinātnes