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Potential Markers of Arterial and/or Venous Thromboses and their Complications in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by venous or arterial thromboses and/or recurrent abortions accompanied by antiphospholipid antibodies and it can be primary (PAPS) or secondary (SAPS) to another disease. Arterial thromboses are less common than venous and most frequently they manifest as ischemia or infarction. Venous thromboses are usually multiple and bilateral and the most common complication of venous thromboses are pulmonary emboli. Considering that laboratory diagnosis of PAPS is currently based on persistently positive aCL, aβ2gpl and/or LA tests, and that neither one of those tests can discriminate between PAPS patients with arterial or venous thromboses or their complications, the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostical significance of the determination of apo(a), oxLDL, anti-oxLDL antibodies, antianxA5 antibodies, hsCRP, C3 and C4 complement components and HPT for discrimination between PAPS patients with diverse clinical manifestations. Considering that elevated oxLDL and anti-oxLDL antibodies concentrations were found in PAPS patients, and also in subgroups of PAPS patients with MI or PE, it can be concluded that those parameters represent additional risk factors which together with other factors may lead to thromboses and their complications in PAPS. Regarding the fact that C3 and C4 concentrations were decreased in PAPS patients and that a positive correlation was found between hsCRP and C3 concentrations, this finding could indicate potential roles of these parameters as markers of atherosclerosis, which represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. HPT and apo(a) concentrations are not independent risk factors for MI in PAPS because lower levels were found in those patients in comparison to MI survivors without PAPS. No significant correlation of anti-anxA5 antibodies and the presence of arterial or venous thromboses or their complications was found, but increased concentrations of the IgG isotype of those antibodies could be a marker for recurrent abortions in PAPS, although this finding should be further investigated on a larger number of patients with this clinical finding. Determination of hsCRP in PAPS patients could not be an adequate parameter which would provide discrimination between patients with increased risk for development and/or recurrence of venous and/or arterial thromboses, nor for their complications, because no statistically significant difference in concentrations of this parameter was found among PAPS, IM, PE and SLE patients who were included in this study. Potencijalni Pokazatelji Arterijskih I/Ili Venskih Tromboza I Njihovih Komplikacija U Primarnom Antifosfolipidnom Sindromu Antifosfolipidni sindrom karakterišu venske ili arterijske tromboze i/ili spontani pobačaji uz prisustvo antifosfolipidnih antitela, a može biti primarni (PAPS) ili sekundarni (SAPS), koji je povezan sa postojanjem drugog oboljenja. Arterijske tromboze su manje uobičajene nego venske i najčešće se ispoljavaju kao ishemija ili infarkt. Venske tromboze su obično multiple i bilateralne, a njihova najčešća komplikacija su plućne embolije. Kako se laboratorijska dijagnostika PAPS trenutno zasniva na perzistentno pozitivnim aCL, aβ2gpl i/ili LA testovima, od kojih nijedan ne može da napravi diskriminaciju između PAPS pacijenata sa arterijskim ili venskim trombozama i njihovim komplikacijama, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita dijagnostička značajnost određivanja nivoa apo (a), oxLDL, anti-oxLDL antitela, anti-anxA5 antitela, hsCRP, C3 i C4 komponente komplementa i HPT za razlikovanje PAPS pacijenata sa različitim kliničkim manifestacijama. Na osnovu povišenih koncentracija oxLDL i anti-oxLDL antitela u pacijenata sa PAPS, kao i u podgrupama PAPS pacijenata čije su glavne kliničke manifestacije bili IM ili PE, može se zaključiti da ovi parametri predstavljaju dodatne faktore rizika koji zajedno sa drugim faktorima mogu da dovedu do tromboza i njihovih komplikacija u PAPS. Kako su koncentracije C3 i C4 komponente komplementa bile snižene u PAPS pacijenata i kako je pronađena pozitivna korelacija između koncentracija hsCRP i C3 komponente komplementa, moglo bi se ukazati na eventualnu ulogu ovih parametara kao pokazatelja ateroskleroze, koja predstavlja jedan od vodećih uzročnika morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Koncentracije HPT i apo(a) nisu nezavisan faktor rizika za infarkte miokarda u PAPS jer su dobijene niže vrednosti u poređenju sa IM pacijentima bez PAPS. Za anti-anxA5 antitela nije pronađena nikakva korelacija sa prisustvom arterijskih ili venskih tromboza, niti njihovih komplikacija, ali bi zato povišene koncentracije ovih antitela IgG klase mogle da budu pokazatelj čestih pobačaja u PAPS pacijentkinja, iako bi se ovaj nalaz morao dodatno ispitati na većem broju pacijentkinja sa ovom odlikom PAPS. Određivanje hsCRP u PAPS pacijenata ne može da bude adekvatan parametar koji bi omogućio pravljenje diskriminacije između pacijenata sa povećanim rizikom od razvoja i/ili učestalosti venskih i/ili arterijskih tromboza, kao ni njihovih najčešćih komplikacija, jer nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u koncentracijama ovog parametra između PAPS, IM, PE i SLE pacijenata koji su obuhvaćeni ovim istraživanjem.