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The present study deals with the diversity of seaweed (marine macro-algae) with the emphasis on substrata (sandy and rocky shores) and seasonal conditions (rainy and dry seasons). The study was carried out on the Warambadi seashore of Sumba Island from April 1997 to March 1998. The study recorded 23 genera including 79 species of seaweed grew in the study sites were collected. There were 9 genera 0f 37 species of green algae (Chlorophyceae), 8 genera of 22 species of red algae (Rhodophyceae), and 6 genera of 20 species the brown algae (Phaeophyceae). The t-test analysis showed that the species diversity index of algae on both sandy and rocky substrata during dry and rainy season did not significantly different. Moreover, the species diversity index of algae during both rainy and dry seasons on different substratum (sandy and rocky substrata) did not show any significant differences. The two-way anova analysis recorded that the species diversity index and the number of algae species were not affected by the differences of both substrata and seasons, but it was significantly affected by the interaction between the types of substratum and season. The study also reported that the types of substrata and seasons affected the species diversity index of Chlorophyceae but not by of their interaction, and the species diversity index of Rhodophyceae was affected by the types of substratum and season but not by their interaction. Moreover, the types of substratum and season affected the species diversity index of Phaeophycea, but their interaction did not affect such diversity index. Substrata and seasonal phenomenon also indicate that the types of substratum, season, and their interactions affected the number of species Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae. -1 ). The effects of copper and zinc on biomass were assessed by measuring biomass, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll-a, taxonomic composition, relative abundance and biovolume. In artificial streams with Cu, Zn and Cu+Zn, there were a significant (p<0.05) reduction of chlorophyll-a, dry mass and AFDM. Species diversity and relative abundance of periphyton species changed drastically under the influence of copper and zinc. In an artificial streams containing copper and zinc (50 µg Cu l -1 and 1mg Zn l -1 ), the taxonomic composition of the population shifted from a cyanophyceaen dominated community to a community mainly consisting of Chlorophyceae, while changes among species within the Bacillariophyceae did not show a marked difference under the influence of copper and zinc. In artificial streams with copper Oocystis gigas and Stigeoclonium tennue became dominant species and while in artificial streams containing zinc and with combination of copper and zinc Oocystis crassa and Scenedesmus sp. dominated the periphyton community. This study showed that copper and zinc not only influence biomass but also causes changes in species composition.

The effects of copper and zinc on biomass and taxonomic composition of algal periphyton communities from the River Gharasou, Western Iran