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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Formosan sambar (Rusa unicolor swinhoei) was obtained by DNA sequencing based on PCR fragments amplified by 26 primer pairs designed by ourselves. The results indicated that the mtDNA is 16,505 bp in size. This is the first report on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis of the Formosan sambar and the sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number DQ989636. The complete mitochondrial sequence included the following gene sequences: 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and 13 protein-coding genes. The base composition of the sequence was as follows: A, 33.51%; T, 28.97%; C, 24.07%; and G, 13.46%. The mitochondrial D-loop region was also analyzed for comparative purposes in the Formosan sambar and 13 other species within the Cervidae family using neighbour-joining method. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that there are two separate groups, a European type and an Asian type, within the Cervidae family. The D-loop sequences of mtDNA of 24 Formosan sambar animals were compared, and the results showed that the Formosan sambar can be divided into two clades.

Characterization of mitochondrial genome of Formosan sambar (Rusa unicolor swinhoei)