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The relationships between the closely related Turkish endemic species, Viola sandrasea Melchior and V. kizildaghensis M. Dinç &amp; Ş. Yıldırımlı, are discussed in the present study. Viola sandrasea has been known only from a few gatherings and insufficient description since 1939. Morphological and palynological properties of it are determined in detail and compared to its closest relative V. kizildaghensis in this study. The special habitats these species occupy, their typical associates and some other ecological features are also briefly discussed. The obtained data suggests that the morphological differences between them are sometimes subtle, but the petal colour, the leaf wrinkles and the pattern of indument are distinct. The pollen characteristics clearly appear to have taxonomic value. The pollen exine ornemantion of V. sandrasea characterized by the rugulate clearly differs from that of V. kizildaghensis characterized by psilate-perforate. Moreover, the two species are seasonally and geographically isolated from each other.

Comparative morphological and palynological study on poorly known Viola sandrasea and its closest relative V. kizildaghensis