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Various sugars were introduced by electroporation into perennial ryegrass protoplasts, and the involvement of intracellular functional groups of the sugars in salt tolerance was investigated. The protoplasts were prepared from the young leaves of perennial ryegrass, and those into which sugars were introduced were treated with NaCl solution (250 mM, pH 7.0) for 6 h at 10°C. The survival rate of the protoplasts increased when xylitol, cellobiose, 1-kestose, maltose, maltotriose, raffinose and trehalose were introduced, while no changes occurred when fructose, fucose, galactose, glucose, inositol, mannitol, mannose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sorbose, fructobiose, lactose and sucrose were introduced. Cellobiose, 1-kestose, maltose, maltotriose, raffinose and trehalose possess a number of equatorial OH (e-OH) groups that promote the structuration of H2O. Xylitol, however, structures H2O even though it does not possess the e-OH groups. Hence, it is suggested that under conditions of NaCl stress, structured H2O protects the structure of cell membranes and the activity of enzymes, and that e-OH groups are involved in enhancing salt tolerance.

Effect of exogenous application of sugars on the salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass protoplasts