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Monitoring the enforcement of an EU-wide ban of nitrofuran antibiotics in the food production chain is a challenging task, given the nature of nitrofuran compounds. The original and modified Fenton reactions are advanced oxidation processes that can eliminate the toxicity of nitrofurans. 2-(5-Nitrofuryl)acrylic acid (I) was degraded as a model compound by the original Fenton reaction with ferrous sulphate, by Mohr’s salt at pH 3 and 7, and finally by advanced Fenton process (AFP) (Fe0/H2O2/H2SO4). In addition, the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, a G− bacterium, was tested both before and after AFP treatment. The results showed that a small degradation efficiency of this treatment process led to the toxicity changes and that the toxicity of I after AFP treatment process decreased. It seems that the treatment of polluted water using the Fenton reaction and its modifications would be a suitable method for degradation of nitrofuran derivatives in polluted water.

Toxicity reduction of 2-(5-nitrofuryl)acrylic acid following Fenton reaction treatment