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The antioxidant activities of five alkylresorcinol (AR) homologs with alkyl chains of 1, 3, 5 6 and 12 carbon atoms were studied using molecular and cellular assays for superoxide anions (O 2  .- ). The effect of ARs as superoxide anion scavengers was assessed using the photochemical reaction of spontaneous photo-reduced flavin re-oxidation. In this system, ARs reaction with O 2  .-  produced dye derivatives, as C 6 - and C 12 -AR prevented the O 2  .- -induced conversion of nitroblue tetrazolium into formazan in AR-containing mixtures. The influence of ARs on soxS gene expression and bacterial cell viability was studied with the luminescent Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 psoxS’::luxCDABE-Amp R  strain, showing low basal light emission. This increased significantly during paraquatinduced oxidative stress as a consequence of the simultaneous transcription of soxS-gene and lux-gene fusion. ARs with alkyl chains containing 5-12 carbon atoms at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 μM weakly induced soxS-gene expression, whereas 1-10 mM repressed it. This respectively increased or decreased the bacterial cell resistance to O 2  .-  -related oxidative stress. AR derivatives lost their protective activity from reactions with superoxide anions, which required increased soxS gene expression for cell viability. These results show the dual nature of ARs, which possess direct antioxidant properties and the ability to indirectly regulate the activity of cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms.

cellular and molecular biology letters

Evaluation of the potential of alkylresorcinols as superoxide anion scavengers and sox-regulon modulators using nitroblue tetrazolium and bioluminescent cell-based assays