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Bone repair after surgical intervention on cleft lip palate (CLP) depends on the coordinated action of multiple tissue regeneration factors. We determined the relative number and appearance of tissue factors: matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP 2/4), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), Wnt3a protein (Wnt3a), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and osteoprotegerin in hard tissue of CLP patients during first time surgical intervention. Fourty-three CLP patients with 24 bone and 36 cartilage samples were involved. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of tissue factors and the semi-quantitative census method was used for quantification of immunological structures. The increased amount of MMP-2 and bFGF positive cells was detected in the CLP group in cartilage and bone (p &lt; 0.05), compared to the controls. A statistically significant (p = 0.012) increased amount of BMP 2/4 positive cells was found in cartilage of CLP patients, in comparison to the control group. Increased appearance of MMP-2, bFGF in hard tissue of the CLP patients indicates the predominance of tissue degradation. Increased number of BMP2/4 positive chondrocytes suggests improved cartilage growth and better regeneration in CLP patients.

proceedings of the latvian academy of sciences. section b, natural sciences/latvijas zinātņu akadēmijas vēstis. a daļa, humanitārās un sociālās zinātnes

Appearance and Distribution of Tissue Remodellation Factors in the Hard Tissue of Patients Affected by Cleft Lip Palate