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Shrnutí Vyzkum vyznamnějši rozšiřeni použiti obnovitelnych zdrojů (bio-paliv) ve spalovacich motorech trva již vice než dvacet let. Jednim z vysledků je i směrnice EU, ktera nařizuje, že v cilovem roce 2020 by mělo byt přidavano až 20 % biopaliv do ropnych paliv. Ve středni Evropě, s ohledem na plodiny rostouci v teto klimaticke zoně, je touto přiměsi zejmena řepkovy olej a jeho metyl estery. Proto se vyzkum tyka těchto paliv. Zkušebnim motorem byl vidlicovy osmivalec s objemem jednoho valce 10,2 dm3, typove značeni 8C22, největši vykon je 530 kW při jmenovitych otačkach 1000 1/min. Tento motor je mimo jine použivan v posunovacich lokomotivach SM42. Po předchozich diagnostickych průzkumech bylo použita čtyři paliva: standardni nafta (B0), to same palivo se 40 % přiměsi (B40) a 50 % RME - metyl ester řepkoveho oleje (B50). Nasledně bylo zkoušeno palivo B50+ se specialnimi aditivy. Vyzkum energetickych parametrů a toxicity vyfukovych plynů byl provaděn na motoru zabudovanem do lokomotivy SM42. Zkoušky byly provaděny podle metodiky 2004/26/WE a UIC 624 Chart. Bylo zjištěno, že narůst podilu RME (metylesteru řepkoveho oleje) až do hodnoty 50 % v naftě, zvyšuje hodnotu hodinove spotřeby až o 10 % při volnoběhu a až o 15 % při plnem zatiženi motoru oproti motorove naftě. Dale bylo zjištěno, že koncentrace CO ve vyfukovych plynech s rostouci koncentraci esteru v palivu při volnoběhu, při středni zatěži se neměni a naopak při plne zatěži motoru koncentrace CO klesaji. Pro malou a středni zatěž byl vypozorovan pokles HC. Při volnoběhu bylo zjištěno sniženi emisi NOx při narůstu koncentrace RME. To je pro posunovaci lokomitivy vyznamne, protože často pracuji při volnoběhu. Pro zkoušena paliva, byla stanoveny odolnost vůči karbonizaci vstřikovačů a některe tribologicke charakteristiky. Paliva obsahujici do 40 % RME vyhovuji kriteriu vzniku karbonizace. Abstract Investigation into the wider use of renewable fuels (bio-fuels) in combustion engines has been carried out for over two decades. It has resulted in EU legislation that requires, by 2020 as the target date, the addition of 20 % of bio-fuels to petroleum fuels. In Central Europe, with respect to the cultivation options in this climatic zone, these additives are mainly rapeseed oil and its methyl esters. Hence, the investigation has been focused on these fuels. The examined 8C22 engine is a V8 engine of 10.2 dm3 capacity per cylinder, with a power output of 530 kW at the rated speed of 1000 rpm. This engine is used, among others, in the SM42 shunting locomotives. After preliminary diagnostic research, 4 fuels were used: a standard diesel fuel (B0) and the same fuel with the addition of 40 % (B40) and 50 % of RME (B50). Additionally, the fuel B50+ with a pack of special additives was also examined. The investigation of the energy parameters and of the exhaust gases toxicity was performed on an engine fitted to the SM42 locomotive in the test house. The tests were performed in accordance with the 2004/26/WE Directive and UIC 624 Chart. It was found that the increase of the RME part up to 50 % in the mixture with diesel fuel increases the fuel consumption per hour by 10 % when idling and by 15% when the engine is at full load, compared to the pure diesel fuel. It was also determined that the CO concentration in the exhaust gas increases as the concentration of the esters in the fuel was increased when idling; that there were no essential changes at intermediate working points; and that it decreases at full engine load. For medium and high engine loads, a reduction of HC was observed. When idling, a reduction of NOx was observed as the ester concentration in the fuel was increased. It is essential for using the engine in shunting locomotives, because they often work without load. For the examined fuels, the resistances to injector coking as well as some selected tribology characteristics were determined. The fuels containing up to 40% of the RME satisfy the coking criterion.

Operating Characteristics of the A8c22 Engine in an Sm42 Locomotive Fuelled by Mixtures of Rme with Diesel Fuel