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A review of the available literature concerning environmental impact assessment for industrial symbiosis has been carried out. The authors have recommended the use of life cycle assessment method for this purpose. It was stated that so far few studies presenting LCA results of industrial symbiosis have been published. Among the factors which contribute to the success of symbiotic exchange, the close location of collaborating companies has been often mentioned. This paper presents LCA results concerning the environmental impact of symbiotic gypsum transmission. Concepts of relative distance and critical distance for the case of industrial symbiosis were proposed and defined. Significant difference between critical distance obtained for particular endpoints were observed (3.5- 564 km). Application of Life Cycle Sustainability Triangle enabled the estimation of critical distance taking into account various impact categories. A sensitivity analysis indicated the relationship between critical distance and the means of transport which reflected the effect of scale. The critical distance determined for heavy trucks was 3.2 - 3.9 times longer than in case of lighter vehicles.

Environmental Efficiency of Industrial Symbiosis – LCA Case Study for Gypsum Exchange