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Summary   Background  Immunological alterations may led to the reduction in capacity and endurance levels in elite athletes by e.g. increased susceptibility to infections. There is a need to explain the impact of intensive physical effort on the CD4 + memory T cell subsets.    Methods  Fourteen participants median aged 19 years old (range 17–21 years) were recruited form Pogoń Szczecin S.A., soccer club. They performed progressive efficiency test on mechanical treadmill until exhaustion twice: during preparatory phases to spring and autumn competition rounds. We examined the influence of exhaustive effort on the selected CD45 + , especially CD4 + memory T cell subsets and inflammation markers determined before, just after the test and during recovery time.    Results  Significant changes in total CD45 + cells and decrease in T lymphocytes percentage after the run was observed. Significant fluctuations in T cells’ distribution were related not only to the changes in Th or Tc subsets but also to increase in naïve T cell percentage during recovery. Increase in TNF-α and IL-8 post-exercise, IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in recovery was also found.    Conclusions  The novel finding of our study is that the run performed on mechanical treadmill caused a significant release of CD4 + T naïve cells into circulation. Post-exercise increase in circulating NK cells is related with fast biological response to maximal effort. However, at the same time an alternative mechanism enhancing inflammation is involved.

Comparison of selected CD45+ cell subsets’ response and cytokine levels on exhaustive effort among soccer players