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Tioxazafen is a seed-applied nematicide used in row crops. Currently, there are no data on nematode toxicity, nematode recovery, or effects of low concentrations of tioxazafen on nematode infection of a host root for  Meloidogyne incognita  or  Rotylenchulus reniformis . Nematode toxicity and recovery experiments were conducted in water solutions of tioxazafen, while root infection assays were conducted on tomato. Nematode paralysis was observed after 24 hr of exposure at 27.0 µg/ml tioxazafen for both the nematode species. Based on an assay of nematode motility, 24-hr EC 50  values of 57.69 µg/ml and 59.64 µg/ml tioxazafen were calculated for  M. incognita  and  R. reniformis , respectively. Tioxazafen rates of 2.7 µg/ml and 27.0 µg/ml reduced the nematode hatch after 3 d of exposure for both the nematode species. There was no recovery in nematode motility after the 24-hr exposure of  M. incognita  and  R. reniformis  to their corresponding 48-hr EC 50  values of 47.15 µg/ml and 47.25 µg/ml tioxazafen, respectively. Mortality of  M. incognita  continued to increase after 24 hr exposure, whereas  R. reniformis  mortality remain unchanged after nematodes were rinsed and removed for 48 hr from the tioxazafen solution. A 24-hr exposure to low concentrations of 0.38 to 47.15 µg/ml for  M. incognita  and 47.25 µg/ml for  R. reniformis  reduced the infectivity of each nematode species on tomato roots. The toxicity of tioxazafen was similar between nematode species; however, a greater rate of tioxazafen was needed to suppress  R. reniformis  infection of tomato than for  M. incognita .

Toxicity of Tioxazafen to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis