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The  malvolio (mvl)  gene plays an important role in the transition from nursing to foraging in honeybees ( Apis mellifera ).  Apis cerana cerana  ( A. c. cerana ) is a subspecies of the eastern honeybee, well-known for its pollinator role throughout China. Although  A. c. cerana  shares many characteristics with  A. mellifera , it is unclear whether  Acmvl  plays a similar role to  Ammvl  in foraging behavior. In this study,  Acmvl  expression was quantified during the transition from nursing to foraging in  A. c. cerana.  Acmvl protein production was also characterized in different tissues in bees from three behavioral groups. Finally, in situ hybridization was used to describe  Acmvl  expression patterns in forager bee brains.  Acmvl  expression was low early in life but then showed a major peak, which suggests its role in labor division. Examination of tissue type revealed that Acmvl expression was highest in the thoraxes of nurse bees and the heads of forager bees. In bee brains,  Acmvl  was selectively expressed in the somata of Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies, optic lobes and antennal lobes. Taken together, these findings suggest that  Acmvl  plays a role in the nurse–forager transition of  A. c. cerana .

Location and Strength of Malvolio Expression in Chinese Honeybee Reveals Its Potential Role in Labor Division