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In Nigeria, there is still a scarcity of data on the recovery of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing  Salmonella  in chicken meat. Hence this study characterized the probable multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing  Salmonella  prevalent in chilled raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Detection of  Salmonella  was performed by meat rinse centrifugation-plating technique. Presumptive  Salmonella  colonies were identified by phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The confirmed  Salmonella  isolates were tested for multidrug resistance by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. Detection and confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were performed by double disc synergy and combination disc tests. PCR and DNA sequencing of the ESBL-encoding genes ( bla SHV ,  bla TEM , and  bla CTX-M ) were also performed. The conserved and three-dimensional (3D) domains in ESBLs were respectively characterized by the reverse position-specific BLAST (RPS-BLAST) and Cn3D modeling tool. Of the 229 presumptive  Salmonella  isolates examined, 52 isolates were confirmed as  Salmonella  species, 46 isolates were multidrug-resistant and 41 isolates confirmed as multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing  Salmonella  species. The main serotypes were  Salmonella enterica  subsp.  enterica  serovar Typhimurium (35/52; 67.31%) and  Salmonella enterica  subsp.  enterica  serovar Enteritidis (17/52; 32.69%). Overall, the prevalence of chilled raw chicken meat contaminated with  Salmonella  was estimated at 0.17 (40/240). This value of prevalence exceeded the limits (≤ 0.1) set by the Meat Industry Guide, United Kingdom. All CTX-M, TEM, and SHV beta-lactamases produced by the  Salmonella  isolates were confirmed by RPS-BLAST and Cn3D modeling tool as serine-based hydrolases that consisted of two 3D domains with unique ligands such as sodium ion, formic acid, and glycerol. This study showed that multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing  Salmonella  was widespread in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets. Thus, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to enforce safety.

analele universităţii "ovidius" constanţa. seria chimie/"ovidius" university annals of chemistry

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Salmonella</i> prevalent in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella prevalent in raw chicken meat vended in Nigerian markets