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Remarkable progress in the field of antibacterial herbal therapy has been made in recent decades in response to the development of drug-resistant pathogens in aquaculture. Studies have focused on the  in vitro  antimicrobial activity screening of ethanolic extracts of various plants belonging to the genus  Ficus . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extracts of various  Ficus  species against  Yersinia ruckeri .  In vitro  tests for antibacterial activity revealed that ethanolic leaf extracts of various  Ficus  species and their cultivars offer a promising alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for controlling the growth of  Y. ruckeri . In our study, ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of  F. natalensis  subsp.  leprieurii  and  F. macrophylla  proved effective against a bacterial strain at a dose of 400 pl standardized inoculum (10 8  CFU ml −1 ). It should be noted that  Y. ruckeri  demonstrated an intermediate susceptibility to more extracts derived from the leaves of  Ficus  species. Our investigation showed that among the various  Ficus  species, ethanolic leaf extracts of ten  Ficus  species against  Y. ruckeri  were the most effective. The effect of the leaf extracts that expressed the highest antimicrobial activity ( F. macrophylla ,  F. natalensis  subsp.  leprieurii ) against  Y. ruckeri  was comparable to that of gentamicin. Therefore, preliminary screening indicated that the ethanolic leaf extracts of some  Ficus  species with antibacterial properties can be used in aquaculture as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against fish pathogens, including  Y. ruckeri .

fisheries and aquatic life

Preliminary in vitro screening of the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from various Ficus species (Moraceae) against Yersinia ruckeri