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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects that might also influence the virulence traits of some microorganisms, but its direct influence over  Candida spp . is currently unknown. The objective of the study is to determine the influence of IL-6 (250 pg/ml) on the growth rate and biofilm formation of  C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. auris , and  C. guilliermondii , as well as to analyze the influence of this citokine on the expression of three virulence genes ( ALS3, HSP70, SAP2 ), respectively on the germ tube formation ability of  C. albicans . The influence of IL-6 on growth rate was assessed by incubating the fungal cells in presence of IL-6 for 48 hours and assessing the optical density of the samples at five timepoints. The biofilm production in presence of IL-6 was studied in microtiter plates, using crystal-violet assay, the intensity of biofilms being evaluated by spectrophotometry. The expression of  ALS3, HSP70 , and  SAP2  in  C. albicans  was studied by RT-PCR, reported to  ACT1  housekeeping gene. The germ-tube test was performed to assess the influence of IL-6 on the filamentation rate of  C. albicans . All test results were normalized against control, without added IL-6. The results showed that IL-6 influences the growth rate of  C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. auris , and  C. guilliermondii  in a time-dependent way. Also, IL-6 inhibited the formation of biofilms for  C. albicans  and  C. guilliermondii . In  C. albicans  cells, IL-6 induced upregulation of  ALS3  and  HSP70 , while it down-regulated the  SAP2  gene. IL-6 did not influence the germ-tube formation in  C. albicans . In conclusion, IL-6 might exert,  in vitro , direct effects on the virulence traits of  Candida  spp., and its influence is dependent on the exposure time. Non-albicans  Candida  species presented particular responses to IL-6.

Mediation of Candida species growth and virulence by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6