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A new species, Argyrodes lanyuensis of the family Theridiidae is de- scribed from Orchid Island, Taiwan. The ecology and behavior of the new species are reported. The Orchid Island, an area of 45 km2 lies 91 km off the southeast coast of Taitung County, Taiwan. It is a small link in the chain of islands from the Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu, to Japan. Climate of Orchid Island is characterized by high temperature (average 22.4°C), high precipitation (more than 2,600 mm per year) and high relative humidity (more than 90% throughout the year). The dense forest on this island abounds in orchids which are used for the island name. Up to the present, only one species of spider, Yamia watasei Kishida, 1920, has been recorded. In 1993, four species of the genus Argyrodes have been collected from this island. Three of them are recognized as A. fissifrons 0. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869, A. flavescens 0. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880, and A. cylindrogaster (Simon,1888), that have been widely distributed in southeast Asia, Taiwan, and Japan, while the other is a new species that seems to live only on this island. In this paper, we describe this new species of the genus Argyrodes and report its ecology and behavior. The holotype and some paratypes of the new species are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei (ASIZ), and other paratypes are preserved in the National Science Museum (Natural History), Tokyo (NSMT) and first author's private collection (HY).

Description of a New Species of the Genus Argyrodes (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Orchid Island, Taiwan, with Notes on its Ecology and Behavior.