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The Bayer process on alumina production has exhausted so far a great amount of red mud unutilized. It is then desirable to recover such valuable elements as titanium and zirconium from the red mud. First, we could easily decompose and remove sodalite in the red mud with diluted sulfuric acid at room temperature. Further leaching was applied to the pre-leached red mud with sulfuric acid (0.5-2.0mol/l) at 120°C. The dissolution of hematite, a main component of the red mud, enriched acid resisting minerals such as anatase, zircon, quartz, and other insoluble elements by eight to ten times. This experiment resulted in 74% of TiO2 and 4.5% of Zr02 in the leached residue and enriched also yttrium and niobium by twelve times. We finally applied the alkali-fusing to the red mud to remove Si02 out of the residue and successively leached the fused cake with water. In this procedure, 60% of quartz was removed and titanium oxide was enriched to 84%.

Enrichment of Ti and Zr from Red Mud by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Alkali Fusion.