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Changes of deflection of high carbon steel plates which had been variously heattreated and bending-worked were measured continuously during re-heating. The results are as follows:(1) In cold-bent steel which had been annealed or normalized, change of deflection in the reverse direction of bending appeared mainly during heating from 360°C to 670°C.(2) In cold-bent steel which had been quenched and tempered, change of deflection in the reverse direction of bending occurred during heating upto temperature c.a. 220°C, and in the same direction of bending above the temperature. As the results, the total distortion was much smaller than that in annealed or normalized one. In cold-bent steel which had been quenched and tempered and cold-stretched, change of deflection only in the same direction of bending was recognized.(3) In quenched and tempered steel which had been bent during tempering, change of deflection in the reverse direction of bending appeared above temperature at which bending had been done. So-called “Hot Setting” which was applied to high-temperature-use springs was considered to base on such phenomenon.(4) The behavior of cold-bent steel could be explained by considering macro-residual stress after bending and high-deformability during heating of cold-worked or quenched steel.(5) The phenomena recognized in quenched and tempered steel which had been bent during tempering could not be explained only by macro-residual stress. Micro-residual stress due to the stress-balanced structure of lattice defects such as subgrain boundaries should be taken into consideration.(6) Cold-twisted steel showed the same behavior as that of cold-bent one as for distortion due to heating after cold-working.

Effects of Pre-Heattreatment on Distortion of Bent High Carbon Steel during Heating