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The study was undertaken to clarify the mechanism causing bronchoconstriction after inhalation of cold air and to determine the site of bronchus most severely affected. A series of experiments were performed on 11 healthy subjects who had history of bronchial asthma only in childhood. The respiratory resistance was continuously measured by a newly developed system to test the effect of cold air inhalation and also the pulmonary function was measured before and after the inhalation. The bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was measured by the astograph. The effects of various drugs (atropine, ipratropium bromide and disodium cromoglycate) on the increase of respiratory resistance were investigated. The respiratory resistance was increased immediately after the inhalation of cold air in all subjects. The increase in respiratory resistance was inhibited by atropine and ipratropium bromide but not by disodium cromoglycate. The decrease of V25 induced by inhalation of cold air was significantly greater than that of FEV1. Thus it was concluded that from a pharmacological point of view, inhalation of cold air caused bronchoconstriction, predominantly in small airway via cholinergic mechanism. Also, the degree of increase in the respiratory resistance was correlated with the bronchial sensitivity to methacholine.

Effects of cold air inhalation on parameters of the airway mechanics.