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Partial pressures of CO2 in surface seawater (pCO2) and the overlying air (pCO2) were measured in the North Pacific (mainly 30–40°N) from January 1999 to October 2000 (9 cruises) onboard the voluntary observation ship MS Alligator Liberty. Distributions of pCO2 and pCO2 showed that the western North Pacific (west of 180°) acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2 throughout the year except for August, whereas the eastern North Pacific (east of 160°W) acted as a sink for only half the year (November to May). Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) estimated from pCO2 and total alkalinity showed a larger seasonal decrease (April to June) in the western North Pacific than in the eastern North Pacific, in accordance with the seasonal decrease in nitrate + nitrite (NOx = NO3 + NO2). The 9.5 C/N ratio calculated from the relationship between decreased TCO2 and [NOx] implied a larger influence of biological activity in the western North Pacific. Using pCO2 estimated from the relationship between pCO2 and sea surface temperature, we assessed the monthly CO2 fluxes in the western North Pacific for the year 2000. The fluxes ranged from ca. 0 Gt-C yr in the summer to ca. –0.4 Gt-C yr in the winter, with an annual average of –0.2 Gt-C yr, which corresponds to about 10% of the annual oceanic CO2 uptake over the 1990s.

papers in meteorology and geophysics

Shipboard measurements of atmospheric and surface seawater pCO2 in the North Pacific carried out from January 1999 to October 2000 on the voluntary observation ship MS Alligator Liberty