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A composite lava flow is found in core samples of Tochinoki lava unit, one of the post-caldera volcanic products distributed in the western part of Aso caldera. Including core and surface outcrop samples, Tochinoki lava shows two compositionally different lava types. One is silicic (SiO2 63-66 wt%) and phenocryst-rich (8-16 vol%), and the other is mafic (SiO2 60-62 wt%) and phenocryst-poor (< 7 vol%). Mass balance calculation and trace element modeling show that the compositional variation found among Tochinoki core samples are explained by the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and magnetite phenocrysts from the most mafic lava. Tochinoki composite lava flow is probably produced by the viscous segregation of compositionally distinct magmas ascending simultaneously in the conduit as proposed by Inyo Obsidian Dome drilling project. Bulk rock composition and mineral chemistry indicate that mafic-silicic pairs observed in Tochinoki core samples are different from those in outcrop samples. This difference probably suggests the existence of contemporaneous multiple flow units in the Tochinoki lava unit.

Origin of compositional heterogeneity within Tochinoki andesitic lava flow from the western part of Aso caldera