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The expansion of invasive alien plants is a main threat to the Portuguese native flora and is also becoming a severe environmental problem (Almeida & Freitas (2001). Over the last decade, several checklist reviews of the alien flora in mainland Portugal have been produced and new alien species have been regularly reported (Almeida & Freitas 2001, 2006, 2012, Alves & Aguiar 2009, Sánchéz Gullón et al. 2010, Silva et al. 2012, Verloove & Sánchez Gullón 2012, Smith et al. 2015,). Preventing introduction of potentially invasive alien species is by far the preferred strategy to deal with this problem, and so, every alien species should be treated as potentially invasive unless and until convincing evidence indicates that this is not so. An important first step in prevention is to identify those alien species that may become invasive and therefore require special attention (McNeely et al. 2001). This work aims to contribute to the early detection and report of new alien plants in mainland Portugal and to evaluate their potential invasive behaviour. It compiles data from several field observations made between 2010 and 2015. The locations were marked in the field with a hand-held GPS receiver (Garmin Oregon 450) and samples were collected for identification. Herbarium specimens were stored in the Herbariums of Universidade de Lisboa (LISU), Universidade do Algarve (ALGU) and Universidade de Coimbra (COI). The works of Almeida & Freitas (2001, 2006, 2012), the Checklist of Portuguese Flora (Sequeira et al., 2011) and the website of DAISIE Project (2015) were used as references to assess previous species reporting in mainland Portugal. Two new alien plants are reported as naturalized or sub spontaneous in mainland Portugal:

New records of alien vascular plant species in mainland Portugal. Novos registos de plantas vasculares exóticas em Portugal continental