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Pre-treatment processes were performed in order to investigate the behavior of modified clinoptilolite (natural zeolite) as adsorbents and understand the removal mechanisms involved in the adsorption process. The pre-treatment of clinoptilolite is carried out to increase the metal removal efficiency from solution. For this purpose, both hydrothermal and chemical pre-treatment of clinoptilolite were carried out in order to investigate whether pre-treatment could increase the adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite. The zeolite samples were characterized by  using different analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X – Ray Diffraction (XRD), X – Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometers (ICP-OES).  The thermal pre-treatment process of clinoptilolite was carried out by heating clinoptilolite samples in a furnace for 30 minutes under a slow heating rate of 200, 400 and 600°C. The chemical pre-treatment of the clinoptilolite were carried out by mixing clinoptilolite sample with 200 ml of 0.5M NaCl. Then 4g of modified clinoptilolite samples were in contact with 100 ml of multi- component solutions for 360 minutes. The data obtained from the kinetic adsorption tests the shows that the efficiency of Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Zn2+ metal ions removal was enhanced with the application of pre-treatments.

Heavy metal removals from industrial wastewater using modified zeolite: study the effect of pre-treatment