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Seed origin is an important part of oak production that is often ignored by many shade tree growers when selecting material for production. Results of this study indicate interactions between seed sources and production environments have a marked effect on growth and quality of seedlings of willow (Quercus phellos L.) and shumard (Q. shumardii Buckl.) oak in the first two years of production. Seedlings from selected provenances, grown in different hardiness zones, varied more in plant height than trunk caliper and quality. Seedlings from the southern part of the native range of the two species generally grew better in both climates the first growing season. After the second season, total height growth for the various provenances indicated provenance genotype was more important than where seeds were collected. Provenances from the southern native range did not out perform those collected from the central and northern sectors. Exposing seedlings from various provenances to four environmental regiments at two production locations (MS-TN, TN-MS, MS-MS, and TN-TN; referring to year1-year 2, respectively) was more effective at detecting seedlings from provenances with broad environmental adaptation than simply comparing growth at the two locations.

Provenance and Production Location Affects Growth and Quality of Quercus phellos and Q. shumardii Seedlings