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The general objective of the work is to characterize the spatial distribution of the concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, fluoride and total arsenic in the waters of the Pampeano aquifer of the city of Pergamino, the only source of water supply in the city. The data were obtained by Obras Sanitarias de Pergamino and correspond to the average of the concentrations of the ions in the water of 53 wells sampled bimonthly in the period 2006-2014. To analyze the spatial distribution, geostatistical methods were used. Sulfate concentrations, although does not exceed the values recommended by provincial regulations in any well, is lower in the northwest, outside the urban area (40 mg/l) and gradually increases and reaches the highest values in the center and in the southwest of the city, next to Arroyo Pergamino (120 mg/l). Two non-exclusive hypotheses would explain this phenomenon: water mix upward from the Puelche aquifer and / or infiltration of stream waters through shallow wells with deficient casing. Nitrate distribution shows in the center of the city the highest concentrations, with 18 wells that exceed the admissible limits (more than 100 mg/l), the contents gradually decrease towards the periphery; the high values in the city could be attributed to leaks from sewer pipes that are almost 100 years old. There are 27 wells that exceed the limits allowed for fluorides, located in the southwest and north of the city (maximus 1.6 mg/l and 1.3 mg/l respectively), towards the center of the city with decreasing values until reaching the limits allowed. Five wells in the southwest sector and in the northeast of the city have concentrations of total arsenic higher than the norm (0.055 mg/l). The spatial pattern of fluorides and arsenic could be linked to the presence of volcanic glass present in sediments, and to the shape of the aquifer that has lenses.

Distribución espacial de propiedades químicas del agua subterránea en la ciudad de Pergamino, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina