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espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es mostrar que el debate entre Raymond Aron y los izquierdistas franceses como Jean-Paul Sartre y Maurice Merleau-Ponty no fue apenas una expresion de la guerra fria ni una diatriba liberal doctrinaria contra el socialismo, sino un combate intelectual acerca de los modos de leer a Marx. En este sentido, se muestra que, contra algunas perspectivas de mediados del siglo XX que buscaron mostrar a un Marx hegeliano, sansimoniano o economicista, Aron sostuvo que el “marxismo de Marx” deberia interpretarse considerando la economia politica del pensador de Treveris a la luz de su filosofia de la historia. Con base en esta lectura –que contenia una mirada heterodoxa sobre algunos conceptos clave del marxismo como la alienacion y la tendencia decreciente de la tasa de ganancia– Aron ensayo una severa critica de los pensadores izquierdistas, quienes se postulaban como intelectuales independientes del Partido Comunista pero condonaban las posturas de la Union Sovietica en nombre de una liberacion humanista que, desde la perspectiva aroniana, estaba basada en una lectura frivola o errada de los textos marxianos. EnglishThe purpose of this article is to show that the debate between Raymond Aron and the French leftist like Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty was not just an expression of the cold war nor a doctrinaire liberal diatribe against socialism, but an intellectual battle about the ways of reading Marx. In this sense, it is shown that, against some perspectives of the mid-twentieth century that sought to show a Hegelian, Sansimonian or economicist Marx, Aron argued that the "Marxism of Marx" should be interpreted considering the political economy of the Trier thinker under the light of his philosophy of history. Based on this reading – which contained an unorthodox look at some key concepts of Marxism such as alienation and the declining trend of the rate of profit – Aron rehearsed a severe critique of leftist thinkers, who posited as independent intellectuals of the Communist Party but they condoned the positions of the Soviet Union in the name of a humanist liberation that, from the Aronian perspective, was based on a frivolous or erroneous reading of the Marxian texts.

El combate fecundo: Aron frente a Marx y el izquierdismo