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espanolLa problematica actual de la resistencia bacteriana, promovida basicamente por el abu­so en la utilizacion de antibioticos, lleva a la necesidad de encontrar alternativas terapeuticas mas eficaces para enfrentar las infecciones bacterianas. Los aceites esenciales representan una gran herramienta para enfrentar esta crisis. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la interaccion farmacodinamica establecida al combinar aceite esencial de Melaleuca armillaris con cloxacilina en busca de un efecto sinergico que maximice la actividad del antibiotico frente a Staphylococcus aureus. Cepas de referencia y salvajes de dicha especie fueron enfrentadas al extracto vegetal y al antimicrobiano en forma individual y combinada mediante microdilucion en caldo, modificando las condiciones del pH para emular el ambiente subcelular. Se determino la interaccion mediante la tecnica de tablero de damas o checkerboard, se calculo el indice de concentracion fraccionaria inhibitoria y, finalmente, se establecio el indice de actividad antibacteriana de la combinacion. Nuestros resultados demuestran una clara actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial, que permite reducir las concentraciones mi­nimas inhibitorias del antibiotico betalactamico para el S. aureus. Esta interaccion se ve favorecida por la acidificacion del medio, lo que permite que menores concentraciones de cloxacilina logren un efecto bactericida, cercano a la erradicacion virtual, en presencia de pequenas cantidades de aceite esencial. Estos hallazgos resultan prometedores para enfrentar infecciones estafilococicas de dificil resolucion. English The current problem of bacterial resistance, largely promoted by indiscriminate use of an­tibiotics, leads to find more effective therapeutic alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Essential oils are a potential tool to deal with this issue. Our objective was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction of Melaleuca armillaris essential oil and cloxacillin in search of a synergistic effect that maximizes the activity of the antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus. Reference and wild strains of S. aureus were confronted to the essential oil and the antibiotic individually and in combination by microdilution in broth, modifying the pH conditions to emulate the subcellular environment. The interaction was determined by the checkerboard technique, the index of inhibitory fractional concentra­tion was calculated and the index of antibacterial activity of the combination was finally established. Our results demonstrate a clear antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, which allows reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin for S. aureus. This interaction is favored by medium acidification, where lower concentrations of cloxacillin achieved a bactericidal effect, close to virtual eradication, in the presence of small amounts of essential oil. These findings are promising for dealing with staphylococcal infections with a difficult resolution.

Efecto antimicrobiano de la combinación de cloxacilina con aceite esencial de Melaleuca armillaris frente a Staphylococcus aureus