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Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped titanium dioxide upconversion nanoparticles were synthesized by Sol-gel method. White upconversion emissions were observed after excitation of nanoparticles with 980 nm Near-Infrared laser diode. Upconversion emissions consist of red (640-690 nm), green (520-570 nm) and blue (408 nm) emissions. Ultraviolet upconversion emissions were also detected with wavelength about 210 nm. Ultraviolet emissions are probably the results of relaxation from 2I13/2 (220 nm) and 2L15/2 (210 nm) states to 4I15/2. Visible and ultraviolet emissions of these nanoparticles can be used in photodynamic therapy. High penetration of Near-Infrared light into the body tissue makes these nanoparticles appropriate for aiming tumors in deeper tissues in comparison with older methods of photodynamic therapy.

Ultraviolet and Visible Upconversion Emissions in Er3+-Yb3+ Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanopowder under the 980 nm Laser Diode Excitation