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espanolLas tres primeras elecciones libres en la Republica Polaco-Lituana (1573-1589) involucraron la actividad de muchos diplomaticos y agentes internacionales. Su objetivo principal, aunque no el unico, era ganar el trono para su candidato. Fue particularmente dificil para los diplomaticos de monarquias como Espana que apenas tenian experiencia con Polonia y Lituania (las negociaciones sobre el pago de las famosas "sumas napolitanas" no habian conducido a un reconocimiento mutuo). En consecuencia, la diplomacia espanola no conocia el pais en el que iba a competir con sus rivales mortales, Francia e Turquia. Eso la puso en una situacion muy dificil. Primero, tenian que actuar en una realidad muy diferente, principalmente debido a las diferencias en la cultura politica y los valores estatales. En segundo lugar, fueron privados de sus aliados. La famosa, internacional red espanola de agentes (partido espanol) no llegaba a la Republica y la cooperacion con la diplomacia imperial en este asunto produjo malos efectos. Sobre la base de la correspondencia diplomatica espanola sobre el llamado “negocio de Polonia” podemos analizar el choque de dos diferentes sistemas socio-politicos, culturas politicas y valores estatales. El estudio de la imagen de la Republica vista a traves de los diplomaticos espanoles ofrece una oportunidad para destacar algunos aspectos de la construccion de la Europa Moderna en el siglo XVI. EnglishThe first three free elections in the Polish-Lithuanian Republic (1573-1589) involved the activity of many international diplomats and agents. Their main goal, though not the only one, was to win the throne for their candidate. It was particularly difficult for diplomats from monarchies like Spain that had hardly any experience with Poland and Lithuania (negotiations of the famous „Neapolitan sums” repayment had not lead to mutual recognition). In consequence, the Spanish diplomacy did not know the country in which they were to compete with France or Turkey, their deadly rivals, which put them in a very difficult situation. First, they had to act in a whole different reality, mostly due to differences in political culture and values. Secondly, they were deprived of their allies. The famous international Spanish network of agents (partido espanol) did not reach the Commonwealth and cooperation with the imperial diplomacy produced poor effects. On the basis of Spanish diplomatic correspondence concerning the so-called “Polish Buissnes” (negocio de Polonia) we may analyze the clash of two different sociopolitical orders, cultures and sets of values. Studying the image of the Commonwealth seen through the eyes of Spanish diplomats offers a great opportunity for highlighting some aspects of the construction of the Modern Europe in XVI century.

investigaciones históricas/investigaciones históricas

Comprender lo incomprensible. Los diplomáticos de Felipe II de Habsburgo frente a las primeras elecciones libres en la República polaco-lituana (1573-1587)