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Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers, is the bulk transfer of electrical power. Typically, power transmission occurs between the power plant and a substation near a populated area. Electricity is then distributed from the substation to the consumers. Electric power transmission allows distant energy sources to be connected to consumers in population centers, and may allow exploitation of lowgrade fuel resources that would otherwise be too costly to transport to generating facilities. Due to the large amount of power involved, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (1150 kV, 750kV, 420 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV). Electricity is usually transmitted over long distances through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas due to its high cost of installation and maintenance, and because the high reactive power produces large charging currents and difficulties in voltage management. A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is not a mathematical grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Much analysis is performed by transmission companies to determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line, which, due to system stability considerations, may be less than the physical or thermal limit of the line. Deregulation of electricity companies in many countries has led to renewed interest in reliable, economic designs of transmission networks. This paper will discuss Czech and Spanish electrical energy systems. The transmission networks of both countries are explained in the first two chapter. The third and fourth sections describe basic information about connections and electrical parameters in networks. The fifth and sixth section describes distribution network in both countries. Main problems with connection transmission networks to UCTE are addressed in the seventh section. The final section compares the transmission grid. 1 Czech transmission network

Comparison of transmission and distribution systems in Czech Republic and Spain