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The term “chronic critical illness” (CCI) refers to patients withprolonged dependence on intensive care. In most patients, CCI is triggeredby severe brain injury. Ever more studies researching the microbiota inpathologic conditions are published every year, but a lot is yet to beelucidated about the composition of the gut microbiota in CCI. The aim ofthis study was to investigate possible correlations between changes in thetaxonomic abundance of the gut microbiota, levels of proinflammatory andneurological serum biomarkers and the severity of central nervous systeminjury in patients with CCI. Our prospective observational pilot studyincluded 29 patients with CCI. Using real-time PCR allowed us to detectedchanges in the taxonomic abundance of the gut microbiota. The correlationanalysis of serum biomarkers and the taxonomic composition of the gutmicrobiota revealed statistically significant correlations between cortisollevels and the abundance of F. prausnitzii (r = ‒0.62; p &lt; 0.05) and B.thetaiotaomicron (r = ‒0.57; p &lt; 0.05) in vegetative state patients;between the CRP/albumin ratio and the abundance of S. aureus (r = 0.72; p&lt; 0.05); between the abundance of B. fragilis group/F. prausnitzii andS100 levels (r = 0.45; p &lt;0.05) in conscious patients; between Glasgowcoma scale scores and the abundance of Enterococcus spp. (r = ‒0.77; p&lt;0.05) in both groups. Thus, the association between the changes in thetaxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and the severity of neurologicdeficit can be evaluated using PCR-based diagnostic techniques and bloodserum biomarkers. This approach will help to optimize antibacterialtreatment regimens and/or develop alternative strategies to minimize theaggressive effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota.

Taxonomic dysbiosis of gut microbiota and serum biomarkers reflect severity of central nervous system injury