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Program Visualization (PV) tool aims to help novice programmers to learn how a particular program works through interactive and descriptive visualization. However, most of the tools are languagedependent: they use either a language-dependent debugger or a language-dependent code to generate visualization. Such dependency may become a problem when a program written in new programming language is incorporated. Therefore, this paper proposes an embedding technique to handle given issue. To incorporate new programming language, it only needs five languagedependent features to be set: compile command, run command, library-import instruction set, file-writer function-declaration instructions, and file-writer function-invocation instruction. In general, our proposed technique works in threefold: embedding some statements to target program, generating visualization states by running the program with console commands, and visualizing the given program based on generated visualization states. According to our evaluation, proposed technique is able to incorporate program written in any programming languages as long as those languages provide required language-dependent features. Further, it is practical to be used since it still has the benefits of conventional PV despite its language-independent behavior.

An Embedding Technique for Language-Independent Lecturer-Oriented Program Visualization