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Uosukainen, M, & Vestberg, M, 1994, Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas on rooting, weaning and subsequent growth of micropropagated Malus (L.) Moench. Agricultural Science in Finland 3: 269-279. (Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Unit, FIN-41340 Laukaa, Finland.) The importance of different rooting methods and the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on the rooting rate, weaning survival and subsequent growth of microcuttings of Malus rootstock YP and the Finnish crab apple cultivars Hanna and Marjatta were studied in four experiments conducted at the Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Unit, Finland. Sucrose in the in vitro rooting medium gave the best support to weaning survival in comparision with glucose and fructose. Directly rooted microcuttings had a higher survival rate than in vitro rooted microcuttings. AMF inoculation did not improve the rooting rate in direct rooting. However, the Glomus hoi strain V9B caused severe rotting of microcuttings and thus lowered the rooting rate of cv. Hanna, AMF inoculation increased the mean shoot height of established plants, particularly inoculation with G. hoi V9B, G. claroideum V43a or G. flstulosum Vl2B. This effect, however, varied considerably in different host-fungus combinations. Some AMF strains, e.g. G. hoi VIO4, caused strong growth retardation. After the rooting and weaning stage, many uninoculated plants lapsed into arrest of growth. This phenomenon was less frequent in AMF inoculated plants. Optimal timing of AMF inoculation and nutritional level of rooting and weaning substrate are discussed.